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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00429_Text_re26t.txt
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1996-12-31
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9
THE INTELLIGENCE OF PERCEPTION
In the pattern on the left, one
tends to perceive
spontaneously the red regions
as figures, and in the pattern
on the right, the white regions
as figures. The basis of this
perceptual preference would
seem to be symmetry, because
each red region on the left and
each white region on the right
is symmetrical. Advocates of
each of the major theories
would explain this
phenomenon differently. The
Gestaltists, who uncovered the
effect, believed that
spontaneous processes of
organization in the brain were
reflected by a preference for
perceptions that were simple,
regular, and symmetrical.
Inference theorists would say
that the preference for
symmetry is based on the
likelihood that the ambiguous
pattern represented
symmetrical objects in the
scene rather than
asymmetrical ones (since, if
not, the symmetry present in
the patternΓÇÖs retinal image
would be purely coincidental).
For Stimulus theorists, the
phenomenon poses a difficult
problem since the same
stimulus pattern can yield more
than one perception; thus some
factor other than the stimulus
must be governing the
perception. They would argue
that line drawings such as this
are not representative of
perception in daily life, where
ambiguity is rarely if ever
encountered. Information-
processing theorists would
maintain that the preference is
based on the fact that less
information is required to
encode a symmetrical object or
region than an asymmetrical
one.
Now that we have surveyed the
major topics in perception, it is
time to see what general
principles have emerged. In
doing so, it will be useful to
consider what, if anything, has
survived of the three major
traditions of thought about
perception. What kinds of
controversies are going on
today? How do contemporary
theorists attempt to answer
Kurt KoffkaΓÇÖs famous query,
Why do things look as they do?